April 2026 ~ SALEHE NJOHOLE

200 + Business Analysis questions and answers

1–20: Fundamentals of Business Analysis

What is business analysis?
A. Coding software
B. Identifying business needs and solutions
C. Marketing products
D. Hiring staff
Answer: B
Who performs business analysis?
A. Developer
B. Tester
C. Business Analyst
D. Manager
Answer: C
What is a stakeholder?
A. Programmer
B. Person affected by project
C. Accountant
D. Designer
Answer: B
Requirement is:
A. Code
B. Documentation
C. Need or condition
D. Budget
Answer: C
Business requirement focuses on:
A. IT systems
B. Organization goals
C. Coding
D. Testing
Answer: B
Functional requirement describes:
A. System behavior
B. Budget
C. Timeline
D. Stakeholders
Answer: A
Non-functional requirement includes:
A. Performance
B. Login feature
C. Payment feature
D. Registration
Answer: A
BABOK stands for:
A. Business Analysis Body of Knowledge
B. Basic Analysis Book
C. Business Accounting Book
D. None
Answer: A
Agile focuses on:
A. Documentation
B. Flexibility
C. Fixed scope
D. No changes
Answer: B
Waterfall is:
A. Iterative model
B. Linear model
C. Agile model
D. Scrum
Answer: B
SWOT stands for:
A. Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat
B. System Work Operation Test
C. Software Work Optimization Tool
D. None
Answer: A
PESTLE analysis includes:
A. Political, Economic
B. Social, Technological
C. Legal, Environmental
D. All
Answer: D
Gap analysis identifies:
A. Budget
B. Difference between current & future state
C. Stakeholders
D. Code errors
Answer: B
Use case diagram shows:
A. Database
B. Actors and interactions
C. Budget
D. Network
Answer: B
Business process model describes:
A. Workflow
B. Code
C. Hardware
D. Budget
Answer: A
KPI stands for:
A. Key Performance Indicator
B. Knowledge Process Index
C. Key Product Input
D. None
Answer: A
Risk is:
A. Guaranteed failure
B. Uncertain event
C. Cost
D. Profit
Answer: B
Feasibility study checks:
A. Coding
B. Viability
C. Testing
D. Deployment
Answer: B
Stakeholder analysis identifies:
A. Risks
B. People involved
C. Budget
D. Code
Answer: B
Solution assessment evaluates:
A. Cost
B. Performance
C. Value
D. All
Answer: D

21–40: Requirements & Elicitation

Elicitation means:
A. Coding
B. Gathering requirements
C. Testing
D. Deploying
Answer: B
Interview is:
A. Testing technique
B. Requirement gathering
C. Coding
D. Debugging
Answer: B
Workshop involves:
A. Single person
B. Group discussion
C. Coding
D. Testing
Answer: B
Observation is also called:
A. Job shadowing
B. Coding
C. Testing
D. Mapping
Answer: A
Questionnaire is:
A. Interview
B. Survey
C. Testing
D. Coding
Answer: B
Prototype is:
A. Final system
B. Early model
C. Code
D. Test
Answer: B
Requirement traceability ensures:
A. Budget
B. Tracking requirements
C. Coding
D. Testing
Answer: B
BRD stands for:
A. Business Requirement Document
B. Basic Report Data
C. Business Resource Data
D. None
Answer: A
SRS stands for:
A. Software Requirement Specification
B. System Resource Setup
C. Software Report Sheet
D. None
Answer: A
User stories are used in:
A. Waterfall
B. Agile
C. Testing
D. Design
Answer: B
Acceptance criteria defines:
A. Code
B. Conditions for success
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: B
MoSCoW prioritization means:
A. Must, Should, Could, Won’t
B. Model System Code Work
C. More Software Coding Work
D. None
Answer: A
Requirement validation ensures:
A. Correctness
B. Cost
C. Code
D. Testing
Answer: A
Requirement verification ensures:
A. Built right
B. Built product
C. Testing
D. Coding
Answer: A
Change request is:
A. Bug
B. Requirement modification
C. Code
D. Test
Answer: B
Scope creep means:
A. Reduced scope
B. Increased uncontrolled scope
C. Budget
D. Testing
Answer: B
UML stands for:
A. Unified Modeling Language
B. Universal Machine Logic
C. User Model Language
D. None
Answer: A
Activity diagram shows:
A. Flow
B. Database
C. Budget
D. Code
Answer: A
Sequence diagram shows:
A. Interaction over time
B. Database
C. Budget
D. Code
Answer: A
Data flow diagram shows:
A. Data movement
B. Code
C. Budget
D. Testing
Answer: A

41–60: Tools & Techniques

Excel is used for:
A. Coding
B. Analysis
C. Testing
D. Deployment
Answer: B
SQL is used for:
A. Database queries
B. Coding UI
C. Testing
D. Design
Answer: A
Power BI is used for:
A. Coding
B. Data visualization
C. Testing
D. Design
Answer: B
Jira is used for:
A. Accounting
B. Project tracking
C. Coding
D. Testing
Answer: B
Confluence is used for:
A. Documentation
B. Coding
C. Testing
D. Deployment
Answer: A
Wireframe is:
A. Code
B. Design layout
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: B
Mockup is:
A. Prototype
B. Design
C. Both
D. None
Answer: C
Dashboard shows:
A. Data summary
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data model represents:
A. Structure of data
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
ER diagram shows:
A. Entities and relationships
B. Code
C. Budget
D. Testing
Answer: A
KPI dashboard tracks:
A. Performance
B. Code
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
Benchmarking compares:
A. Competitors
B. Code
C. Budget
D. Testing
Answer: A
Root cause analysis identifies:
A. Problem source
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Fishbone diagram is used for:
A. Root cause analysis
B. Coding
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
Brainstorming generates:
A. Ideas
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Decision tree helps:
A. Decision making
B. Coding
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
Cost-benefit analysis evaluates:
A. Value vs cost
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
ROI stands for:
A. Return on Investment
B. Risk of Input
C. Rate of Interest
D. None
Answer: A
Balanced scorecard measures:
A. Performance
B. Code
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data mining extracts:
A. Patterns
B. Code
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A

61–80: Agile & Scrum

Scrum is:
A. Framework
B. Tool
C. Language
D. Software
Answer: A
Sprint is:
A. Iteration
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Product backlog contains:
A. Requirements
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Scrum master role:
A. Facilitate team
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Product owner:
A. Defines requirements
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Daily stand-up duration:
A. 15 mins
B. 1 hour
C. 2 hours
D. 30 mins
Answer: A
Sprint review is for:
A. Demo
B. Coding
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
Retrospective focuses on:
A. Improvement
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Velocity measures:
A. Work completed
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Burndown chart shows:
A. Remaining work
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Agile manifesto values:
A. Individuals
B. Working software
C. Customer collaboration
D. All
Answer: D
Kanban uses:
A. Board
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
WIP means:
A. Work in Progress
B. Work Input
C. Work Plan
D. None
Answer: A
Epic is:
A. Large user story
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Story points measure:
A. Effort
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Backlog grooming means:
A. Refinement
B. Coding
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
Agile supports:
A. Change
B. Fixed scope
C. No changes
D. Budget
Answer: A
Increment means:
A. Add value
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Iteration means:
A. Repeat cycle
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Scrum artifacts include:
A. Backlog
B. Increment
C. Sprint backlog
D. All
Answer: D

81–100: Advanced Concepts

Business case justifies:
A. Project
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Governance ensures:
A. Control
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data governance manages:
A. Data quality
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Change management handles:
A. Change
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Stakeholder engagement ensures:
A. Involvement
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Business rules define:
A. Constraints
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
KPI vs metric:
A. KPI is strategic
B. Metric is general
C. Both
D. None
Answer: C
Data quality includes:
A. Accuracy
B. Completeness
C. Consistency
D. All
Answer: D
Process improvement aims:
A. Efficiency
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Lean focuses on:
A. Waste reduction
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Six Sigma aims:
A. Quality improvement
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
DMAIC stands for:
A. Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
B. Data Model Analysis
C. Design Model
D. None
Answer: A
Business intelligence uses:
A. Data analysis
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data warehouse stores:
A. Historical data
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
ETL means:
A. Extract, Transform, Load
B. Enter Test Load
C. Execute Transfer Logic
D. None
Answer: A
Predictive analysis forecasts:
A. Future
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Descriptive analysis shows:
A. Past data
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Prescriptive analysis suggests:
A. Actions
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data visualization improves:
A. Understanding
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Business analyst primary goal:
A. Deliver value
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A

101–120: Requirements Management

Requirement lifecycle includes:
A. Elicitation
B. Analysis
C. Validation
D. All
Answer: D
Requirement prioritization ensures:
A. Important items first
B. Coding
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
Version control manages:
A. Requirement changes
B. Code only
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
Baseline means:
A. Approved version
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement attributes include:
A. Priority
B. Status
C. Owner
D. All
Answer: D
Traceability matrix links:
A. Requirements to tests
B. Code
C. Budget
D. Design only
Answer: A
Change impact analysis evaluates:
A. Effects of change
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement conflict occurs when:
A. Two needs clash
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement approval is done by:
A. Stakeholders
B. Developers
C. Testers
D. Users only
Answer: A
Requirement repository stores:
A. Requirements
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement decomposition breaks:
A. Large requirements
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
SMART requirements are:
A. Specific
B. Measurable
C. Achievable
D. All
Answer: D
Requirement ambiguity means:
A. Unclear requirement
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement completeness ensures:
A. All needs covered
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement consistency ensures:
A. No conflicts
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement feasibility checks:
A. Practicality
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement validation is done by:
A. Users
B. Developers
C. Testers
D. Managers
Answer: A
Requirement documentation format includes:
A. Text
B. Models
C. Diagrams
D. All
Answer: D
Requirement risk is:
A. Uncertainty in requirement
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Requirement sign-off means:
A. Approval
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A

121–140: Business Process & Modeling

BPM stands for:
A. Business Process Management
B. Basic Project Model
C. Business Program Model
D. None
Answer: A
AS-IS model shows:
A. Current state
B. Future state
C. Code
D. Budget
Answer: A
TO-BE model shows:
A. Future state
B. Current
C. Code
D. Budget
Answer: A
Process mapping visualizes:
A. Workflow
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Swimlane diagram shows:
A. Roles
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Process automation reduces:
A. Manual work
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Bottleneck is:
A. Delay point
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Value stream mapping identifies:
A. Value steps
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Reengineering means:
A. Redesign process
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Process improvement uses:
A. Analysis
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Business rules engine automates:
A. Decisions
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Workflow diagram shows:
A. Task sequence
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
SIPOC includes:
A. Supplier
B. Input
C. Process
D. All
Answer: D
Process owner is:
A. Responsible person
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Process KPI measures:
A. Performance
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Standard operating procedure is:
A. Document
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Process compliance ensures:
A. Rules followed
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Process simulation tests:
A. Model behavior
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Process dependency means:
A. Interconnected steps
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Process cycle time measures:
A. Duration
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A

141–160: Data Analysis & BI

Data analysis interprets:
A. Data
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data cleansing removes:
A. Errors
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data profiling examines:
A. Data structure
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
OLAP is used for:
A. Analysis
B. Coding
C. Testing
D. Budget
Answer: A
OLTP is used for:
A. Transactions
B. Analysis
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Fact table stores:
A. Measures
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Dimension table stores:
A. Attributes
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Star schema includes:
A. Fact + dimension
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Snowflake schema is:
A. Normalized star
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data mart is:
A. Subset of warehouse
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Big data refers to:
A. Large datasets
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Hadoop is:
A. Big data tool
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Machine learning uses:
A. Data patterns
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data visualization tools include:
A. Power BI
B. Tableau
C. Excel
D. All
Answer: D
Dashboard KPI shows:
A. Performance
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Drill-down analysis shows:
A. Detailed data
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data aggregation combines:
A. Data
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Correlation shows:
A. Relationship
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Regression predicts:
A. Outcome
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data storytelling explains:
A. Insights
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A

161–180: Strategy & Business Value

Business strategy defines:
A. Direction
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Vision statement shows:
A. Future goal
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Mission statement defines:
A. Purpose
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Competitive advantage is:
A. Unique strength
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Porter’s Five Forces analyzes:
A. Competition
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Market analysis studies:
A. Customers
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Value proposition defines:
A. Benefit
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Business model shows:
A. How value created
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
ROI measures:
A. Profitability
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Cost reduction improves:
A. Profit
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Revenue stream is:
A. Income source
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Customer segmentation groups:
A. Customers
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Stakeholder value ensures:
A. Satisfaction
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Innovation creates:
A. New ideas
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Digital transformation uses:
A. Technology
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Business agility supports:
A. Change
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Strategic alignment ensures:
A. Goals match
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Value chain shows:
A. Activities
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Benchmarking improves:
A. Performance
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Risk management reduces:
A. Uncertainty
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A

181–200: Advanced & Real-world BA

Business continuity ensures:
A. Operations continue
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Disaster recovery restores:
A. Systems
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
SLA defines:
A. Service level
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
KPI threshold defines:
A. Limit
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Customer journey map shows:
A. Experience
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Persona represents:
A. User type
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
UX design improves:
A. Experience
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
A/B testing compares:
A. Two options
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Hypothesis testing validates:
A. Assumptions
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Data ethics ensures:
A. Responsible use
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Compliance follows:
A. Regulations
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Audit checks:
A. Accuracy
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Governance framework ensures:
A. Control
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Business architecture defines:
A. Structure
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Enterprise analysis evaluates:
A. Needs
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Solution design creates:
A. System
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Implementation phase delivers:
A. Solution
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Post-implementation review checks:
A. Success
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Continuous improvement ensures:
A. Growth
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A
Business analysis ultimate goal:
A. Deliver business value
B. Code
C. Test
D. Budget
Answer: A

Practical ya Technician II – Graphic Design 👏

🔹 1. Practical ya Graphic Design huwa inahusu nini?
Kwa kawaida watakupa task ya kubuni (design) kitu fulani ndani ya muda mfupi (1–3 hrs).

Mifano ya kazi unazoweza kupewa:

Poster (mfano: tangazo la event, kampeni ya afya, n.k.)
Flyer ya biashara
Logo design
Business card
Social media post (Instagram/Facebook)
Banner (mtandaoni au print)
Brochure ndogo
👉 Mfano:
"Design poster ya kampeni ya mazingira" au
"Tengeneza flyer ya promotion ya kampuni"

🔹 2. Software wanazotumia (MUHIMU sana)
Hizi ndizo common tools:

🟢 Adobe Photoshop → editing ya picha, posters
🔵 Adobe Illustrator → logos, icons, clean graphics
🟣 CorelDRAW → sana sana Afrika hutumika kwa print designs
🟡 Canva → rahisi lakini mara nyingi exam hawapendi sana (isipokuwa wakiruhusu)
👉 Mara nyingi serikali/taasisi hutumia CorelDRAW + Photoshop

🔹 3. Watakutazama nini kwenye practical
Sio kubuni tu, wanapima skills hizi:

✅ Creativity
Design yako inaonekana professional?
Ina mvuto?
✅ Layout & Alignment
Vitu vimepangwa vizuri?
Spacing iko sawa?
✅ Typography
Fonts zimechaguliwa vizuri?
Zinakaa readable?
✅ Color Combination
Rangi zinaendana?
Hazi-changanyi macho?
✅ Use of Tools
Unajua kutumia layers?
Unajua import images, shapes, effects?

🔹 4. Example ya Task (Realistic kabisa)
Unaweza kupewa kitu kama:

"Design A4 poster ya kampuni ya mawasiliano inayo-promote internet offer"
Utahitaji kuweka:

Title (kubwa, attractive)
Picha (relevant)
Maelezo mafupi
Contact info
Logo (kama wamekupa)

🔹 5. Jinsi ya kujiandaa haraka (IMPORTANT)
Fanya hizi kabla ya siku ya practical:

🔸 Practice 1:
Tengeneza poster 3 tofauti
Tengeneza flyer 2
Tengeneza logo 1–2
🔸 Practice 2:
Jifunze hizi tools:

Text tool
Shape tool
Image import
Layers
Effects (shadow, transparency)
🔸 Practice 3:
Download sample images/logos (au tumia free sites kama:

Unsplash
Pexels

🔹 6. Tips za kufaulu practical
Usianze haraka sana → plan design kwanza (2–5 mins)
Tumia simple design (usi-overdesign)
Tumia colors 2–3 tu
Hakikisha spelling iko sahihi
Save mara kwa mara

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Practical ya Technician II – Graphic Design Guide

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